Who Owns the Most Bitcoin? The Top Owners, and the Few Countries That Actually Bought It

Who owns the most bitcoin? By Arkham's estimate, Satoshi Nakamoto, with about 1.1 million coins. Then Strategy with 848,517, BlackRock's bitcoin ETF with about 804,000, and the US government with more than 300,000 (estimated), from seizures. The biggest government stacks were seized, not bought. We could confirm only two national governments buying bitcoin directly: El Salvador, which reportedly bought its first 400 in September 2021 and now holds 7,809, and the Czech central bank, with a 1 million dollar test portfolio. State funds in Texas and Abu Dhabi reportedly bought bitcoin ETF shares. Strategy's average cost is 75,446 dollars per bitcoin; none of these governments publishes one.